Древнегреческая философия и исламская традиция: истоки социальной жизни, многообразия и политической власти
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/EJRS.2020.v23.i3.r6Ключевые слова:
политическая философия, исламская мысль, древнегреческая философия, политическая власть, аль-ФарабиАннотация
Взаимодействие между натуралистическим пониманием социальных истоков и видением правителя как представителя Бога на Земле является одним из основных аспектов средневекового и раннего современного исламского политического дискурса. Древнегреческая традиция оказала формирующее влияние на исламскую медитацию относительно происхождения человеческого общества, роли правительства, справедливости и качеств хорошего правителя. Целью данной статьи является пересмотр влияния греческого наследия на различные теории о возникновении человеческого общества и политической власти, которые были выдвинуты средневековыми исламскими авторами. В первом разделе этой статьи я рассматриваю восприятие древнегреческих источников в исламском мире и пересматриваю их влияние на последующие дебаты о природе и основах человеческого общества, особенно в эпоху Аббасидов. Я сосредоточился на учениях Платона, Брайсона, Фемиста и Немезиды, которые описывали человеческое общество как следствие человеческой слабости и самодостаточности. Эти авторы формулируют натуралистическое объяснение происхождения организованного человеческого общества, которое находит отражение в философской и административной литературе периода Аббасидов. Кроме того, в статье раскрывается как Кудама б. Джафар и Аль-Фараби способствовали распространению греческих политических идей в исламском мире и соединили рассуждения Фемистия о общинном объединении с представлением о том, что правление связано с божественным мандатом ради поддержания социальной гармонии. Я также продемонстрирую, как эти идеи достигли своей кульминации в учениях Аль-Газали, который придерживается натуралистического подхода к созданию человеческого общества, провозглашая правителя тенью Бога на земле, ответственного за поддержание порядка и выполнение предписаний шариата.
Ключевые слова: политическая философия, исламская мысль, древнегреческая философия, политическая власть, аль-Фараби
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