Logical, semantic foundations of the concepts of "Ahun" and "Ishan" and their genetic concepts

Аңдатпа

This article studies the institution of Akhuns and Ishans in the Kazakh steppe in the 18th-19th centuries. The prerequisite for the study was to reveal the meaning of the concepts of Akhun and Ishan. The origin, genesis, semantics, etymology, and logic of the words Akhun and Ishan were studied. Analyzing the various definitions given to these concepts, it was concluded that these words probably came from the Persian language. The names of religious officials: Hafiz, Muaddis, muhaddis, Muazzin, Molda, Pir, Aulie (-anbie), Bab (bap, baba), Taqwa (Daruish), Diwana, Supy (supy), Baqsy (shaman), Hazret, Kazy, Khadzhi, Khoja, Damolla, Muftis, and the related aspects of Ishan were analyzed. Also, after analyzing the etymology and interpretations of the word Akhun, views were presented that interpreted them as religious figures with a special prestigious position. As a result, the following conclusions were reached about the nature of ishans and ahuns: a person who has received a thorough religious education for 3-10 years; a person who has a special authority in the public consciousness, sometimes even a higher status than a mullah, lower than a mufti. Analyzing the functions performed by ahuns and ishans, their personality, role in society, education received, etc., the author's own definition, as well as specific conclusions and conclusions about their main nature, were presented.

Key words: Akhun, Ishan, Islam, religin, personality, public opinion.