Shamanism transcendent and transcendental metaphysics ontology, scientization and demetaphysics

Abstract

The metaphysical issues of Shamanism discussed in the article arise from the need to analyze the codes of ancient Turkic spirituality and the origins of its syncretic worldview not only ethnographically but also philosophically. The mystical and metaphysical elements of shamanic practice are examined as a holistic worldview, and it is argued that presenting them as a unique ontology is of significant importance. In this context, the concept of a transcendental–transcendent ontology is applied to interpret the individual worldview of shamans, while also acknowledging the possibility of framing it through a Eurocentric paradigm of "transcendental–transcendent ontology." Based on Immanuel Kant's theory of knowledge, transcendence pertains to aspects of phenomena that are unknowable, whereas the transcendental allows for philosophical and scientific analysis. In explaining the metaphysical dimension of the shaman’s worldview, Arthur Schopenhauer’s cognitive approach to the concept of “world will” is employed, particularly in relation to “will.” It is proposed that within the scope of the world will, the shaman experiences a different mode of being, thus forming a metaphysical discourse. However, demystifying and demetaphysicalizing this phenomenon requires a scientifically grounded approach. Therefore, the hypothesis-based philosophical reasoning of shamanic rituals such as kamlanie (sacred invocation) and other sacral practices from the standpoint of the natural sciences becomes one of the essential aspects in uncovering their true meaning. This also opens up comparisons with contemporary quantum and nonlinear physics, such as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, vacuum theories, and the "field of consciousness" concept, and is further linked to C.G. Jung's theory of archetypes. As a result, the study concludes that Shamanism should not be seen merely as mysticism, but as an essential part of esoteric knowledge with beneficial aspects for human life experience.

Keywords: Shaman, Ontology, Meditation, Metaphysics, Will, Scientific