Conclusions of Islamic Law on contemporary medical issues: the transplantation issue

Abstract

In this research work, a medical problem caused by the development of world science will be studied in a religious context. Human organ transplantation and donation raise many ethical and moral issues for the global community in the 21st century. The article discusses the Islamic approach to transplantation and organ donation. To properly analyze this complex issue, it is necessary to define the basic principles of Islam and Sharia or Islamic law. This article primarily examines modern Islamic views on transplantation and organ donation based on Sharia law. The research paper reviewed statistics and also provided the opinions of prominent scholars based on major Islamic sources. Based on the basic principles of Islamic law (ijtihad, qiyas, maslahat), a comprehensive differentiation of modern fatwas and legislative decisions related to the issue of transplantation was carried out. The article provides for the definition of the limits and conditions of organ donation within the framework of Sharia. During the study, it was noticed that there is no consensus on the issue of transplantation in Islamic law; on the contrary, there is a pluralism of opinions. One group of scholars puts forward the principle that «the body is the trust of God» and restricts organ donation, while another group tries to legitimize this practice through the principles of «public benefit» (maslaha) and «extreme necessity» (darurat). This study examines religious factors that shape Muslim attitudes toward organ donation. The results of the study revealed religious views on organ donation and a person's right to treat their own body.

Keywords: transplantation, bioethics, Sharia, organ donation, bioethics in Islam