Пост-ДАИШ кезеңіндегі сыртқы секулярлы жағдайдың салдары
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/EJRS.2020.v24.i4.r5Кілттік сөздер:
секулярлық, пост-ДАИШ кезеңі, Таяу шығыс, күрттер, ұлттық қауіпсіздік, батыстандыруАннотация
ДАИШ (Дәулә Исламия Ирак уа Шам – Ирак пен Шамдағы ислам мемлекеті) өзінің әрекет ету аймағындағы физикалық күшінің жойылуымен бұл аймақтағы ұлттық мәселе жаңжалдан кейінгі қалыпқа келтіру тұрғысынан жедел түрде дами бастады. Пост-ДАИШ кезеңінде мұндағы мұргерлік күштер, әсіресе, жергілікті этникалық тәуелсіз күштер жергілікті діни қоғам мен діни мәдениетпен тамырлас болып қала берді. Халықтың басым көп бөлігінің басын өз мақсатына қарай жұмылдыруға тырысатын ұлтшыл күштер келісім мен ынтымақтастыққа алып келетін саяси идеялармен қанағаттандыра алуы керек, бұлай айтудың негізі аймақтағы тамыры тереңде жатқан діни дәстүрлер осы мақсатқа дәл сәйкес келетінінде жатыр. Бұл мақалада аталмыш мәселеге Батыстың да араласуы аймақтық зайырлы тәртіп пен зайырлы мұрагерлік режимді орнатуға мүдделі болғанымен, егер мұндағы ұлтшылдық діни сыртқы көріністі тек сыртқы әлемнің жоспарланған аймақтық автономиясы мен тәуелсіздігіне қол жеткізу, сыртқы әлемнің скептицизмінен тактикалық түрде аулақ болумен ғана шектесе, онда күтілген саяси мақсат жоспарлы түрде орындалмайды, содан кейін репрессияға ұшыраған ұлттық діннің болашақта кек алуына алып келуі әбден мүмкін.
Библиографиялық сілтемелер
Ali Ameer, “From Islamophobia to Westophobia: The Long Road to Radical Islamism”, Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, No. 3, 2016, pp. 1-2.
Amartya Sen, Identity and Violence, New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2006, p. 70.
Amatzia Baram, “From Militant Secularism to Islamism: The Iraqi Ba’th Regime 1968-2003 Samuel P. Huntington, The Solider and the State, Cambridge: Huntington, 1957, p. 409.
Seymour Martin Lipset, Consensus and Conflict: Essays in Political Sociology, New Brunswick: Transcation Books, 1985, p. 284.
Steve Reicher and Nick Hopkins, Self and Nation: Categorization, Contestation and Mobilization, London: Sage, 2001, p. 25.
Walid,” Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Oct. 2011, p. 8, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/From%20Militant%20Secularism%20to%20Islamism.pdf.
Andreas Armborst, “Radicalisation and De-radicalisations of Social Movements: The Comeback of Political Islam?” Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol. 63, No. 3, 2014, pp. 254-255.
Beverley Milton-Edwards, “Islamist Versus Islamist: Rising Challenge in Gaza,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, 2014, p. 268.
Borzou Daragahi, “Meet the Middle East’s Peace of Westphalia Re-enactors,” Foreign Policy,
Edwin Smith, Quasi-Religions: Humanism, Marxism and Nationalism, Houndmills, Basingstoke August 10, 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/10/meet-the-middle-easts-peace-of-westphalia-reenactors-iran-saudi-arabia-syria/.
C. Marvin and D. W. Ingle, Blood Sacrifice and the Nation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 1-5.
C. Taylor, “The Politics of Recognition,” in A. Gutmann, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994, pp. 32-37.
Cliff May, “Militant Islamism, Islamism, Islam,” Townhall, Jan. 19, 2012, https://townhall.com/columnists/cliffmay/2012/01/19/militant-islamism-islamism-islam-n922971.
David D. Latin, Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Religious Change among the Yoruba, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986, p.175.
Faruk Ekmekci, “Understanding Kurdish Ethno-nationalism in Turkey: Socio-Economy, Religion, and Politics,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 34, No. 9, 2011, p. 1615.
Hedley Bull, “The Revolt Against the West,” in Hedley Bull and Adam Watson eds., The Expansion of International Society, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984, p. 217.
John, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, p. 1.
John L. Esposito and John O. Voll, “Islam and the West: Muslim Voice of Dialogue,” in Pavlos Hatzopoulos and Fabio Petito eds., Religion in International Relations: The Return from Exile, New York: Palgrave Macmillam, 2003, pp. 238-239.
John Mueller, The Remnants of War, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004, p. 15.
Jonathan Fox, Religion, Civilization, and Civil War: 1945 through the Millennium, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2004, pp. 25-26.
Magnus Norell, “Militant Islamism: A Strategic Threat,” Huffpost, August 7, 2014, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/magnus-norell/militant-jihadism-a-strat_b_5546469.html.
Mark Juergensmeyer, Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State: From Christian Militias to al Qaeda, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008, p. 10.
Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993, p. 35.
Martha Finnemoure, The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs About the Use of Force, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004, pp. 58-60.
Michael Axworthy and Patrick Milton, “A Westphalian Peace for the Middle East: Why an Old Framework Could Work,” Foreign Affairs, October 10, 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/europe/2016-10-10/westphalian-peace-middle-east.
Michael E. Brint, A Genealogy of Political Culture, Boulder: Westview Press, 1991, p. 172.
Michael Mann, The Dark Side of Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 55.
Omer Tekdemir, “The reappearance of Kurdish Muslims in Turkey: the articulation of religious identity in a national narrative,” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2018, DOI: 10.1080/13530194.2018.1430534, p. 7.
Reuven Paz, “Jihadists and nationalist Islamists: Al-Qa'ida and Hamas,” in Assaf Moghadam and Brian Fishman, eds., Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic and Ideological Fissures, London: Routledge, 2011, p. 203.
Richard Ned Lebow, A Cultural Theory of International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 122.
Robert Jervis, The Logic of Images in International Relations, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970, p.62.
Phares, The War of Ideas: Jihadism against Democracy, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, p. 39.
Youssef H. Aboul-Enein, Militant Islamist Ideology: Understanding the Ideology and the Challenge to America, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2010.
Yuan Zhang, “ISIS: Quasi-Sovereignty and Regional Security,” Journal of International Security Studies, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2016, p. 50.
Zachary Devlin-Foltz and Binnur Ozkececi-Taner, “State Collapse and Islamist Extremism: Re-evaluating the Link,” Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2010, p. 102.
1. “Syrian Government Calls on Refugees to Return Home,” NBC News, July 4, 2018, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-government-calls-refugees-return-home-n888791.
2. “Refugees Situations,” UNHCR, August 2, 2018, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria.
Amartya Sen, Identity and Violence, New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2006, p. 70.
Amatzia Baram, “From Militant Secularism to Islamism: The Iraqi Ba’th Regime 1968-2003 Samuel P. Huntington, The Solider and the State, Cambridge: Huntington, 1957, p. 409.
Seymour Martin Lipset, Consensus and Conflict: Essays in Political Sociology, New Brunswick: Transcation Books, 1985, p. 284.
Steve Reicher and Nick Hopkins, Self and Nation: Categorization, Contestation and Mobilization, London: Sage, 2001, p. 25.
Walid,” Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Oct. 2011, p. 8, https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/From%20Militant%20Secularism%20to%20Islamism.pdf.
Andreas Armborst, “Radicalisation and De-radicalisations of Social Movements: The Comeback of Political Islam?” Crime, Law and Social Change, Vol. 63, No. 3, 2014, pp. 254-255.
Beverley Milton-Edwards, “Islamist Versus Islamist: Rising Challenge in Gaza,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, 2014, p. 268.
Borzou Daragahi, “Meet the Middle East’s Peace of Westphalia Re-enactors,” Foreign Policy,
Edwin Smith, Quasi-Religions: Humanism, Marxism and Nationalism, Houndmills, Basingstoke August 10, 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/08/10/meet-the-middle-easts-peace-of-westphalia-reenactors-iran-saudi-arabia-syria/.
C. Marvin and D. W. Ingle, Blood Sacrifice and the Nation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, pp. 1-5.
C. Taylor, “The Politics of Recognition,” in A. Gutmann, ed., Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994, pp. 32-37.
Cliff May, “Militant Islamism, Islamism, Islam,” Townhall, Jan. 19, 2012, https://townhall.com/columnists/cliffmay/2012/01/19/militant-islamism-islamism-islam-n922971.
David D. Latin, Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Religious Change among the Yoruba, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986, p.175.
Faruk Ekmekci, “Understanding Kurdish Ethno-nationalism in Turkey: Socio-Economy, Religion, and Politics,” Ethnic and Racial Studies, Vol. 34, No. 9, 2011, p. 1615.
Hedley Bull, “The Revolt Against the West,” in Hedley Bull and Adam Watson eds., The Expansion of International Society, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984, p. 217.
John, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994, p. 1.
John L. Esposito and John O. Voll, “Islam and the West: Muslim Voice of Dialogue,” in Pavlos Hatzopoulos and Fabio Petito eds., Religion in International Relations: The Return from Exile, New York: Palgrave Macmillam, 2003, pp. 238-239.
John Mueller, The Remnants of War, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004, p. 15.
Jonathan Fox, Religion, Civilization, and Civil War: 1945 through the Millennium, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2004, pp. 25-26.
Magnus Norell, “Militant Islamism: A Strategic Threat,” Huffpost, August 7, 2014, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/magnus-norell/militant-jihadism-a-strat_b_5546469.html.
Mark Juergensmeyer, Global Rebellion: Religious Challenges to the Secular State: From Christian Militias to al Qaeda, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008, p. 10.
Mark Juergensmeyer, The New Cold War? Religious Nationalism Confronts the Secular State, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993, p. 35.
Martha Finnemoure, The Purpose of Intervention: Changing Beliefs About the Use of Force, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2004, pp. 58-60.
Michael Axworthy and Patrick Milton, “A Westphalian Peace for the Middle East: Why an Old Framework Could Work,” Foreign Affairs, October 10, 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/europe/2016-10-10/westphalian-peace-middle-east.
Michael E. Brint, A Genealogy of Political Culture, Boulder: Westview Press, 1991, p. 172.
Michael Mann, The Dark Side of Democracy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 55.
Omer Tekdemir, “The reappearance of Kurdish Muslims in Turkey: the articulation of religious identity in a national narrative,” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 2018, DOI: 10.1080/13530194.2018.1430534, p. 7.
Reuven Paz, “Jihadists and nationalist Islamists: Al-Qa'ida and Hamas,” in Assaf Moghadam and Brian Fishman, eds., Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic and Ideological Fissures, London: Routledge, 2011, p. 203.
Richard Ned Lebow, A Cultural Theory of International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p. 122.
Robert Jervis, The Logic of Images in International Relations, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970, p.62.
Phares, The War of Ideas: Jihadism against Democracy, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, p. 39.
Youssef H. Aboul-Enein, Militant Islamist Ideology: Understanding the Ideology and the Challenge to America, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2010.
Yuan Zhang, “ISIS: Quasi-Sovereignty and Regional Security,” Journal of International Security Studies, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2016, p. 50.
Zachary Devlin-Foltz and Binnur Ozkececi-Taner, “State Collapse and Islamist Extremism: Re-evaluating the Link,” Contemporary Security Policy, Vol. 31, No. 1, 2010, p. 102.
1. “Syrian Government Calls on Refugees to Return Home,” NBC News, July 4, 2018, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/syrian-government-calls-refugees-return-home-n888791.
2. “Refugees Situations,” UNHCR, August 2, 2018, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria.
Қосымша файлдар
Как цитировать
Zhang, Y. (2020). Пост-ДАИШ кезеңіндегі сыртқы секулярлы жағдайдың салдары. ҚазҰУ Хабаршысы, Дінтану сериясы, 24(4), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.26577/EJRS.2020.v24.i4.r5
Шығарылым
Бөлім
Шетелдік басылымдар
